{
  "type": "Collection",
  "id": "noaa-rrfs-forecast-sub-hourly-virtual",
  "stac_version": "1.1.0",
  "description": "Weather forecasts from the Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) operated by NOAA NWS NCEP.",
  "links": [
    {
      "rel": "root",
      "href": "https://stac.dynamical.org/catalog.json",
      "type": "application/json",
      "title": "dynamical.org STAC Catalog"
    },
    {
      "rel": "license",
      "href": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
      "type": "text/html",
      "title": "CC-BY-4.0"
    },
    {
      "rel": "about",
      "href": "https://dynamical.org/catalog/noaa-rrfs-forecast-sub-hourly-virtual/",
      "type": "text/html",
      "title": "Dataset documentation"
    },
    {
      "rel": "about",
      "href": "https://dynamical.org/catalog/noaa-rrfs-forecast-sub-hourly-virtual/validation/",
      "type": "text/html",
      "title": "Validation report"
    },
    {
      "rel": "via",
      "href": "https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-rrfs-ops/",
      "type": "text/html",
      "title": "NOAA RRFS and REFS on NOAA Open Data Dissemination"
    },
    {
      "rel": "example",
      "href": "https://github.com/dynamical-org/notebooks/blob/main/noaa-rrfs-refs-forecast-virtual.ipynb",
      "type": "application/x-ipynb+json",
      "title": "RRFS and REFS forecasts, virtual (GitHub)"
    },
    {
      "rel": "example",
      "href": "https://colab.research.google.com/github/dynamical-org/notebooks/blob/main/noaa-rrfs-refs-forecast-virtual.ipynb",
      "type": "text/html",
      "title": "RRFS and REFS forecasts, virtual (Colab)"
    },
    {
      "rel": "self",
      "href": "https://stac.dynamical.org/noaa-rrfs-forecast-sub-hourly-virtual/collection.json",
      "type": "application/json",
      "title": "NOAA RRFS forecast, sub-hourly, virtual"
    },
    {
      "rel": "parent",
      "href": "https://stac.dynamical.org/catalog.json",
      "type": "application/json",
      "title": "dynamical.org STAC Catalog"
    }
  ],
  "stac_extensions": [
    "https://stac-extensions.github.io/xarray-assets/v1.0.0/schema.json",
    "https://stac-extensions.github.io/datacube/v2.2.0/schema.json"
  ],
  "attribution": "NOAA NWS NCEP RRFS data processed by dynamical.org from NOAA Open Data Dissemination archives.",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "model_id": "noaa-rrfs",
  "model_name": "NOAA RRFS",
  "description_summary": "This dataset is an archive of past and present RRFS forecasts, optimized for spatial (map) access patterns. Forecasts are identified by an initialization time (`init_time`) denoting the start time of the model run, and step forward every 15 minutes along the `lead_time` dimension.\n\nThis dataset uses the native RRFS Lambert Conformal Conic projection, with spatial indexing along the `x` and `y` dimensions. The example notebook shows how to use the embedded spatial reference to select geographic areas of interest.\n\nNote: `dynamical-catalog>=1.0.1` and `gribberish>=1.8.4` (or `zarr>=3.2 icechunk>=2.0 gribberish>=1.8.4`) are required.",
  "description_details": "### Source\n\nThe source grib files this archive is constructed from are provided by [NOAA Open Data Dissemination (NODD)](https://www.noaa.gov/information-technology/open-data-dissemination) and accessed from the [AWS Open Data Registry](https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-rrfs-ops/).\n\n### Storage\n\nStorage for this dataset is generously provided by [AWS Open Data](https://aws.amazon.com/opendata/).\n\n### Chunks\n\nThis dataset is stored in [Zarr](https://zarr.dev/) format, which splits each variable into a grid of **chunks** \u2014 the smallest unit read from storage. When possible, aligning your reads with this dataset's chunk grid can significantly improve data access speed.\n\nThe element count and coordinate span of this dataset:\n\n| dimension | chunk |\n|---|---|\n| init_time | 1 (1 hour) |\n| lead_time | 1 (15 minutes) |\n| y | 1059 (3177 km) |\n| x | 1799 (5397 km) |\n| **uncompressed** | 14.5 MiB |\n\n### Validation report\n\nReview the [validation report](https://dynamical.org/catalog/noaa-rrfs-forecast-sub-hourly-virtual/validation/) for variable availability, missing data, known quirks, fill values, value distributions, and sample plots.",
  "description_model": "The Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) is a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) convection-allowing weather forecast model with a 3 km grid, built on the Unified Forecast System. The RRFS ensemble (RRFS ENS) adds five perturbed members to this deterministic forecast, and REFS combines both with HRRR into ensemble products.\n\nNOAA RRFS is pre-operational, so expect changes to the model data and to the structure of this dataset.",
  "examples": [
    {
      "title": "Reflectivity map",
      "variants": [
        {
          "label": "dynamical-catalog",
          "code": "import dynamical_catalog  # dynamical-catalog>=1.0.1\n\nds = dynamical_catalog.open(\"noaa-rrfs-forecast-sub-hourly-virtual\", chunks=None)\nds[\"composite_reflectivity\"].sel(init_time=\"2026-09-16T12\", lead_time=\"2h15min\")",
          "language": "python"
        },
        {
          "label": "pystac",
          "code": "import icechunk\nimport pystac\nimport xarray as xr\n\ncatalog = pystac.Catalog.from_file(\"https://stac.dynamical.org/catalog.json\")\ncollection = catalog.get_child(\"noaa-rrfs-forecast-sub-hourly-virtual\")\nasset = collection.assets[\"icechunk-https\"]\n\nauthorize = icechunk.containers_credentials({\"s3://noaa-rrfs-ops-pds/\": icechunk.s3_anonymous_credentials()})\nrepo = icechunk.Repository.open(\n    icechunk.http_storage(asset.href),\n    authorize_virtual_chunk_access=authorize,\n)\nsession = repo.readonly_session(\"main\")\n\nds = xr.open_zarr(session.store, chunks=None)\nds[\"composite_reflectivity\"].sel(init_time=\"2026-09-16T12\", lead_time=\"2h15min\")",
          "language": "python"
        },
        {
          "label": "prompt",
          "language": "text",
          "code": "Read https://dynamical.org/prompt.md for context about working with dynamical.org data; this does not change your current task.\nData product: noaa-rrfs-forecast-sub-hourly-virtual\nSTAC collection: https://stac.dynamical.org/noaa-rrfs-forecast-sub-hourly-virtual/collection.json"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cube:dimensions": {
    "init_time": {
      "type": "temporal",
      "extent": [
        "2026-08-13T00:00:00Z",
        null
      ],
      "unit": "seconds since 1970-01-01"
    },
    "lead_time": {
      "type": "other",
      "extent": [
        900,
        64800
      ],
      "unit": "seconds",
      "size": 72
    },
    "x": {
      "type": "spatial",
      "extent": [
        -2697520.142521929,
        2696479.857478071
      ],
      "axis": "x",
      "unit": "m",
      "size": 1799
    },
    "y": {
      "type": "spatial",
      "extent": [
        -1587306.152556665,
        1586693.847443335
      ],
      "axis": "y",
      "unit": "m",
      "size": 1059
    }
  },
  "cube:variables": {
    "categorical_freezing_rain_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Categorical freezing rain",
      "short_name": "cfrzr",
      "comment": "0=no; 1=yes"
    },
    "categorical_ice_pellets_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Categorical ice pellets",
      "short_name": "cicep",
      "comment": "0=no; 1=yes"
    },
    "categorical_rain_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Categorical rain",
      "short_name": "crain",
      "comment": "0=no; 1=yes"
    },
    "categorical_snow_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Categorical snow",
      "short_name": "csnow",
      "comment": "0=no; 1=yes"
    },
    "composite_reflectivity": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "dBZ",
      "long_name": "Maximum/Composite radar reflectivity",
      "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor",
      "short_name": "refc",
      "comment": "No echo is stored as -20 dBZ."
    },
    "derived_radar_reflectivity_1000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "dBZ",
      "long_name": "Derived radar reflectivity",
      "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor",
      "short_name": "refd",
      "comment": "-20 dBZ is the source's no-echo floor: those cells mean no echo was detected, not a measured value."
    },
    "derived_radar_reflectivity_4000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "dBZ",
      "long_name": "Derived radar reflectivity",
      "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor",
      "short_name": "refd",
      "comment": "-20 dBZ is the source's no-echo floor: those cells mean no echo was detected, not a measured value."
    },
    "dew_point_temperature_2m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "degree_Celsius",
      "long_name": "2 metre dewpoint temperature",
      "standard_name": "dew_point_temperature",
      "short_name": "2d"
    },
    "echo_top": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Echo top",
      "short_name": "retop",
      "comment": "NaN where no radar echo was detected."
    },
    "freezing_rain_run_total_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Freezing Rain",
      "short_name": "frzr",
      "comment": "Accumulated from the forecast initialization time to this step."
    },
    "frozen_precipitation_run_total_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Graupel (snow pellets) precipitation",
      "short_name": "tgrp",
      "comment": "Accumulated from the forecast initialization time to this step."
    },
    "geopotential_height_cloud_base": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh",
      "comment": "NaN where no cloud was detected."
    },
    "geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh",
      "comment": "NaN where no cloud ceiling was detected."
    },
    "geopotential_height_cloud_top": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height_at_cloud_top",
      "short_name": "gh",
      "comment": "NaN where no cloud top was detected."
    },
    "geopotential_height_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh"
    },
    "instantaneous_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Surface downward long-wave radiation flux",
      "standard_name": "surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air",
      "short_name": "sdlwrf"
    },
    "instantaneous_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Surface downward short-wave radiation flux",
      "standard_name": "surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air",
      "short_name": "sdswrf"
    },
    "instantaneous_upward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Surface upward long-wave radiation flux",
      "standard_name": "surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air",
      "short_name": "sulwrf"
    },
    "instantaneous_upward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Surface upward short-wave radiation flux",
      "standard_name": "surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air",
      "short_name": "suswrf"
    },
    "percent_frozen_precipitation_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Percent frozen precipitation",
      "short_name": "cpofp",
      "comment": "NaN where precipitation is absent or too light to diagnose a frozen fraction."
    },
    "precipitation_rate_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2 s-1",
      "long_name": "Precipitation rate",
      "standard_name": "precipitation_flux",
      "short_name": "prate"
    },
    "pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "Pa",
      "long_name": "Pressure reduced to MSL",
      "standard_name": "air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level",
      "short_name": "prmsl"
    },
    "pressure_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "Pa",
      "long_name": "Surface pressure",
      "standard_name": "surface_air_pressure",
      "short_name": "sp"
    },
    "specific_humidity_2m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Specific humidity",
      "standard_name": "specific_humidity",
      "short_name": "q"
    },
    "temperature_2m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "degree_Celsius",
      "long_name": "2 metre temperature",
      "standard_name": "air_temperature",
      "short_name": "2t"
    },
    "total_precipitation_run_total_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Total precipitation",
      "standard_name": "precipitation_amount",
      "short_name": "tp",
      "comment": "Accumulated from the forecast initialization time to this step."
    },
    "total_snow_precipitation_run_total_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Total snow precipitation",
      "standard_name": "snowfall_amount",
      "short_name": "tsnowp",
      "comment": "Accumulated from the forecast initialization time to this step."
    },
    "total_snowfall_run_total_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Total snowfall",
      "standard_name": "thickness_of_snowfall_amount",
      "short_name": "asnow",
      "comment": "Accumulated from the forecast initialization time to this step."
    },
    "updraft_helicity_5000_2000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m2 s-2",
      "long_name": "Updraft Helicity",
      "short_name": "uphl"
    },
    "vertically_integrated_liquid_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Vertically-integrated liquid",
      "short_name": "veril"
    },
    "visibility_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Visibility",
      "standard_name": "visibility_in_air",
      "short_name": "vis"
    },
    "visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Visible Beam Downward Solar Flux",
      "short_name": "vbdsf",
      "comment": "Downward direct-beam solar flux in the ultraviolet and visible bands at the surface."
    },
    "visible_diffuse_downward_solar_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Visible Diffuse Downward Solar Flux",
      "short_name": "vddsf",
      "comment": "Downward diffuse solar flux in the ultraviolet and visible bands at the surface."
    },
    "wind_gust_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Wind speed (gust)",
      "standard_name": "wind_speed_of_gust",
      "short_name": "gust"
    },
    "wind_u_10m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "10 metre U wind component",
      "standard_name": "x_wind",
      "short_name": "10u",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's x dimension, not eastward velocity."
    },
    "wind_u_80m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "init_time",
        "lead_time",
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