{
  "type": "Collection",
  "id": "noaa-hrrr-analysis-virtual",
  "stac_version": "1.1.0",
  "description": "Analysis data from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model operated by NOAA NWS NCEP.",
  "links": [
    {
      "rel": "root",
      "href": "https://stac.dynamical.org/catalog.json",
      "type": "application/json",
      "title": "dynamical.org STAC Catalog"
    },
    {
      "rel": "license",
      "href": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
      "type": "text/html",
      "title": "CC-BY-4.0"
    },
    {
      "rel": "about",
      "href": "https://dynamical.org/catalog/noaa-hrrr-analysis-virtual/",
      "type": "text/html",
      "title": "Dataset documentation"
    },
    {
      "rel": "about",
      "href": "https://dynamical.org/catalog/noaa-hrrr-analysis-virtual/validation/",
      "type": "text/html",
      "title": "Validation report"
    },
    {
      "rel": "example",
      "href": "https://github.com/dynamical-org/notebooks/blob/main/noaa-hrrr-analysis-virtual.ipynb",
      "type": "application/x-ipynb+json",
      "title": "Quickstart (GitHub)"
    },
    {
      "rel": "example",
      "href": "https://colab.research.google.com/github/dynamical-org/notebooks/blob/main/noaa-hrrr-analysis-virtual.ipynb",
      "type": "text/html",
      "title": "Quickstart (Colab)"
    },
    {
      "rel": "self",
      "href": "https://stac.dynamical.org/noaa-hrrr-analysis-virtual/collection.json",
      "type": "application/json",
      "title": "NOAA HRRR analysis, virtual"
    },
    {
      "rel": "parent",
      "href": "https://stac.dynamical.org/catalog.json",
      "type": "application/json",
      "title": "dynamical.org STAC Catalog"
    }
  ],
  "stac_extensions": [
    "https://stac-extensions.github.io/xarray-assets/v1.0.0/schema.json",
    "https://stac-extensions.github.io/datacube/v2.2.0/schema.json"
  ],
  "attribution": "NOAA NWS NCEP HRRR data processed by dynamical.org from NOAA Open Data Dissemination archives.",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "model_id": "noaa-hrrr",
  "model_name": "NOAA HRRR",
  "description_summary": "This analysis dataset is an archive of the model's best estimate of past weather, optimized for spatial (map) access patterns. It is created by concatenating the first hour of each historical forecast to provide a dataset with dimensions time, x, and y.\n\nThis dataset uses the native HRRR Lambert Conformal Conic projection, with spatial indexing along the `x` and `y` dimensions. The example notebook shows how to use the embedded spatial reference to select geographic areas of interest.\n\nNote: `dynamical-catalog>=0.8.0` (or `zarr>=3.2 icechunk>=2.0 gribberish>=1.5`) is required.",
  "description_details": "### Construction\n\nHRRR starts a new model run every hour and dynamical.org has created this analysis by\nconcatenating the shortest available forecast step of each run along the time dimension.\nInstantaneous variables are read from forecast hour 0 of the run initialized at that time.\n\nVariables that describe the preceding hour \u2014 accumulations and hourly maxima and minima \u2014\nhave no value at hour 0, so they are read from forecast hour 1 of the run initialized an\nhour earlier and describe the hour ending at their timestamp. A few instantaneous fields\nthat HRRR does not diagnose at hour 0, including precipitation rate, the lightning fields\nand aerosol optical thickness, are read from forecast hour 1 as well.\n\n### Source\n\nThe source grib files this archive is constructed from are provided by [NOAA Open Data Dissemination (NODD)](https://www.noaa.gov/information-technology/open-data-dissemination) and accessed from the [AWS Open Data Registry](https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-hrrr-pds/). Operational data is additionally accessed from [NOAA NOMADS](https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/).\n\n### Data availability\n\nThe archive spans hourly times from 2014-10-01T00 UTC to the present. Many fields change\nbehavior at the HRRR version upgrades \u2014 version 2 on 2016-08-23, version 3 on 2018-07-12\nand version 4 on 2020-12-02 \u2014 and a number of variables begin at one of those dates. See\nthe [validation report](https://dynamical.org/catalog/noaa-hrrr-analysis-virtual/validation/) for details.\n\n### Storage\n\nStorage for this dataset is generously provided by [AWS Open Data](https://aws.amazon.com/opendata/).\n\n### Chunks\n\nThis dataset is stored in [Zarr](https://zarr.dev/) format, which splits each variable into a grid of **chunks** \u2014 the smallest unit read from storage. When possible, aligning your reads with this dataset's chunk grid can significantly improve data access speed.\n\nThe element count and coordinate span of this dataset:\n\n| dimension | chunk |\n|---|---|\n| time | 1 (1 hour) |\n| y | 1059 (3177 km) |\n| x | 1799 (5397 km) |\n| **uncompressed** | 14.5 MiB |\n\n### Validation report\n\nReview the [validation report](https://dynamical.org/catalog/noaa-hrrr-analysis-virtual/validation/) to understand variable availability, missing data, known quirks, fill values, and approximate spatial, temporal, and value distributions.\n\n### Compression\n\nThe data values in this dataset have been rounded in their binary floating point representation to improve compression. See [Kl\u00f6wer et al. 2021](https://www.nature.com/articles/s43588-021-00156-2) for more information on this approach. The exact number of rounded bits can be found in our [reformatting code](https://github.com/dynamical-org/reformatters/blob/main/src/reformatters/noaa/hrrr/analysis_virtual/template_config.py).",
  "description_model": "The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) is a NOAA real-time 3-km resolution, hourly updated, cloud-resolving, convection-allowing atmospheric model, initialized by 3km grids with 3km radar assimilation. Radar data is assimilated in the HRRR every 15 min over a 1-h period adding further detail to that provided by the hourly data assimilation from the 13km radar-enhanced Rapid Refresh.",
  "examples": [
    {
      "title": "Temperature map",
      "variants": [
        {
          "label": "dynamical-catalog",
          "code": "import dynamical_catalog  # dynamical-catalog>=0.8.0\n\nds = dynamical_catalog.open(\"noaa-hrrr-analysis-virtual\", chunks=None)\nds[\"temperature_2m\"].sel(time=\"2025-01-01T00\")\n\n# Variables with a vertical dimension live in the pressure_level and model_level groups\nds_pressure = dynamical_catalog.open(\"noaa-hrrr-analysis-virtual\", group=\"pressure_level\", chunks=None)\nds_model = dynamical_catalog.open(\"noaa-hrrr-analysis-virtual\", group=\"model_level\", chunks=None)\n\nds_pressure[\"temperature\"].sel(pressure_level=500)",
          "language": "python"
        },
        {
          "label": "pystac + icechunk",
          "code": "import icechunk\nimport pystac\nimport xarray as xr\n\ncatalog = pystac.Catalog.from_file(\"https://stac.dynamical.org/catalog.json\")\ncollection = catalog.get_child(\"noaa-hrrr-analysis-virtual\")\nasset = collection.assets[\"icechunk-https\"]\n\nauthorize = icechunk.containers_credentials({\"s3://noaa-hrrr-bdp-pds/\": icechunk.s3_anonymous_credentials()})\nrepo = icechunk.Repository.open(\n    icechunk.http_storage(asset.href),\n    authorize_virtual_chunk_access=authorize,\n)\nsession = repo.readonly_session(\"main\")\n\nds = xr.open_zarr(session.store, chunks=None)\nds[\"temperature_2m\"].sel(time=\"2025-01-01T00\")\n\n# Variables with a vertical dimension live in the pressure_level and model_level groups\nds_pressure = xr.open_zarr(session.store, group=\"pressure_level\", chunks=None)\nds_model = xr.open_zarr(session.store, group=\"model_level\", chunks=None)\n\nds_pressure[\"temperature\"].sel(pressure_level=500)",
          "language": "python"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cube:dimensions": {
    "time": {
      "type": "temporal",
      "extent": [
        "2014-10-01T00:00:00Z",
        null
      ],
      "unit": "seconds since 1970-01-01"
    },
    "x": {
      "type": "spatial",
      "extent": [
        -2697520.142521929,
        2696479.857478071
      ],
      "axis": "x",
      "unit": "m",
      "size": 1799
    },
    "y": {
      "type": "spatial",
      "extent": [
        -1587306.152556665,
        1586693.847443335
      ],
      "axis": "y",
      "unit": "m",
      "size": 1059
    },
    "model_level": {
      "type": "other",
      "extent": [
        1,
        50
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "size": 50
    },
    "pressure_level": {
      "type": "other",
      "extent": [
        50,
        1000
      ],
      "unit": "hPa",
      "size": 39
    }
  },
  "cube:variables": {
    "aerosol_optical_thickness_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Aerosol optical thickness",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_optical_thickness_due_to_ambient_aerosol_particles",
      "short_name": "aotk"
    },
    "baseflow_groundwater_runoff_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Baseflow-groundwater runoff",
      "standard_name": "subsurface_runoff_amount",
      "short_name": "bgrun"
    },
    "best_4_layer_lifted_index_180_0mb": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "K",
      "long_name": "Best (4-layer) lifted index",
      "standard_name": "temperature_difference_between_ambient_air_and_air_lifted_adiabatically",
      "short_name": "4lftx"
    },
    "brightness_temperature_channel_113": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "K",
      "long_name": "Simulated brightness temperature (channel 113)",
      "standard_name": "toa_brightness_temperature",
      "short_name": "sbt113"
    },
    "brightness_temperature_channel_114": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "K",
      "long_name": "Simulated brightness temperature (channel 114)",
      "standard_name": "toa_brightness_temperature",
      "short_name": "sbt114"
    },
    "brightness_temperature_channel_123": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "K",
      "long_name": "Simulated brightness temperature (channel 123)",
      "standard_name": "toa_brightness_temperature",
      "short_name": "sbt123"
    },
    "brightness_temperature_channel_124": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "K",
      "long_name": "Simulated brightness temperature (channel 124)",
      "standard_name": "toa_brightness_temperature",
      "short_name": "sbt124"
    },
    "categorical_freezing_rain_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Categorical freezing rain",
      "short_name": "cfrzr",
      "comment": "0=no; 1=yes"
    },
    "categorical_ice_pellets_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Categorical ice pellets",
      "short_name": "cicep",
      "comment": "0=no; 1=yes"
    },
    "categorical_rain_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Categorical rain",
      "short_name": "crain",
      "comment": "0=no; 1=yes"
    },
    "categorical_snow_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Categorical snow",
      "short_name": "csnow",
      "comment": "0=no; 1=yes"
    },
    "column_integrated_mass_density_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Column-integrated mass density",
      "short_name": "colmd"
    },
    "composite_reflectivity": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "dBZ",
      "long_name": "Maximum/Composite radar reflectivity",
      "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor",
      "short_name": "refc",
      "comment": "-10 dBZ is the source's no-echo floor: those cells mean no echo was detected, not a measured value."
    },
    "convective_available_potential_energy_0_3000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "J kg-1",
      "long_name": "Convective available potential energy",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_available_potential_energy",
      "short_name": "cape"
    },
    "convective_available_potential_energy_180_0mb": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "J kg-1",
      "long_name": "Convective available potential energy",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_available_potential_energy",
      "short_name": "cape"
    },
    "convective_available_potential_energy_255_0mb": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "J kg-1",
      "long_name": "Convective available potential energy",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_available_potential_energy",
      "short_name": "cape"
    },
    "convective_available_potential_energy_90_0mb": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "J kg-1",
      "long_name": "Convective available potential energy",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_available_potential_energy",
      "short_name": "cape"
    },
    "convective_available_potential_energy_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "J kg-1",
      "long_name": "Convective available potential energy",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_available_potential_energy",
      "short_name": "cape"
    },
    "convective_inhibition_180_0mb": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "J kg-1",
      "long_name": "Convective inhibition",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_inhibition",
      "short_name": "cin"
    },
    "convective_inhibition_255_0mb": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "J kg-1",
      "long_name": "Convective inhibition",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_inhibition",
      "short_name": "cin"
    },
    "convective_inhibition_90_0mb": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "J kg-1",
      "long_name": "Convective inhibition",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_inhibition",
      "short_name": "cin"
    },
    "convective_inhibition_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "J kg-1",
      "long_name": "Convective inhibition",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_inhibition",
      "short_name": "cin"
    },
    "critical_angle_0_500m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "degree",
      "long_name": "Critical angle",
      "short_name": "cangle"
    },
    "derived_radar_reflectivity_1000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "dBZ",
      "long_name": "Derived radar reflectivity",
      "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor",
      "short_name": "refd",
      "comment": "-10 dBZ is the source's no-echo floor: those cells mean no echo was detected, not a measured value."
    },
    "derived_radar_reflectivity_263k": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "dBZ",
      "long_name": "Derived radar reflectivity",
      "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor",
      "short_name": "refd",
      "comment": "-10 dBZ is the source's no-echo floor: those cells mean no echo was detected, not a measured value."
    },
    "derived_radar_reflectivity_4000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "dBZ",
      "long_name": "Derived radar reflectivity",
      "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor",
      "short_name": "refd",
      "comment": "-10 dBZ is the source's no-echo floor: those cells mean no echo was detected, not a measured value."
    },
    "dew_point_temperature_2m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "degree_Celsius",
      "long_name": "2 metre dewpoint temperature",
      "standard_name": "dew_point_temperature",
      "short_name": "2d"
    },
    "downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Surface downward long-wave radiation flux",
      "standard_name": "surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air",
      "short_name": "sdlwrf"
    },
    "downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Surface downward short-wave radiation flux",
      "standard_name": "surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air",
      "short_name": "sdswrf"
    },
    "echo_top": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Echo top",
      "short_name": "retop",
      "comment": "NaN where no radar echo was detected."
    },
    "effective_layer_helicity_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m2 s-2",
      "long_name": "Effective layer helicity",
      "short_name": "efhl"
    },
    "enhanced_stretching_potential_0_3000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Enhanced stretching potential",
      "short_name": "esp"
    },
    "freezing_rain_run_total_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Freezing Rain",
      "short_name": "frzr",
      "comment": "Accumulated over the one hour ending at this time."
    },
    "friction_velocity_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Friction velocity",
      "standard_name": "magnitude_of_surface_friction_velocity_in_air",
      "short_name": "zust"
    },
    "frozen_precipitation_run_total_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Ice pellets",
      "short_name": "frozr",
      "comment": "Identical to the one hour accumulated frozen_precipitation_surface in this analysis dataset. Ice pellet (sleet) accumulation from the source's FROZR element, despite this variable's name. For all frozen precipitation, multiply total_precipitation_run_total_surface by percent_frozen_precipitation_surface / 100."
    },
    "frozen_precipitation_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Ice pellets",
      "short_name": "frozr",
      "comment": "Ice pellet (sleet) accumulation from the source's FROZR element, despite this variable's name. For all frozen precipitation, multiply total_precipitation_surface by percent_frozen_precipitation_surface / 100."
    },
    "geopotential_height_0c_isotherm": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh",
      "comment": "NaN where the freezing level is at or below ground."
    },
    "geopotential_height_253k": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh",
      "comment": "NaN where the 253 K level is at or below ground."
    },
    "geopotential_height_263k": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh",
      "comment": "NaN where the 263 K level is at or below ground."
    },
    "geopotential_height_adiabatic_condensation_level": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh"
    },
    "geopotential_height_cloud_base": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh",
      "comment": "NaN where no cloud was detected. Due to bit-packing in the source, heights above 8191.875 m wrap to that much below their true value, affecting about 8% of cells with cloud; use pressure_cloud_base instead."
    },
    "geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh",
      "comment": "NaN where no cloud ceiling was detected."
    },
    "geopotential_height_cloud_top": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height_at_cloud_top",
      "short_name": "gh",
      "comment": "NaN where no cloud top was detected."
    },
    "geopotential_height_equilibrium_level": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh",
      "comment": "Where no equilibrium level exists the source reports terrain height plus about 20 m rather than a missing value. Mask by convective available potential energy, which is 0 at those points."
    },
    "geopotential_height_highest_tropospheric_freezing_level": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh",
      "comment": "NaN where the freezing level is at or below ground."
    },
    "geopotential_height_level_of_free_convection": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh",
      "comment": "The source reports a height everywhere, including where no free convection is possible, and marks those points in no other way. Mask by convective available potential energy, which is 0 at those points."
    },
    "geopotential_height_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh"
    },
    "ground_heat_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Ground heat flux",
      "standard_name": "upward_heat_flux_at_ground_level_in_soil",
      "short_name": "gflux"
    },
    "high_cloud_cover": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "High cloud cover",
      "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer",
      "short_name": "hcc"
    },
    "hourly_maximum_radar_reflectivity_1000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "dBZ",
      "long_name": "Hourly maximum of simulated reflectivity",
      "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor",
      "short_name": "maxref",
      "comment": "0 dBZ is the source's no-echo floor: those cells mean no echo was detected, not a measured value."
    },
    "ice_cover_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Ice cover (1=ice, 0=no ice)",
      "standard_name": "floating_ice_area_fraction",
      "short_name": "icec"
    },
    "land_sea_mask_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Land-sea mask",
      "standard_name": "land_binary_mask",
      "short_name": "lsm"
    },
    "latent_heat_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Latent heat flux",
      "standard_name": "surface_upward_latent_heat_flux",
      "short_name": "lhf"
    },
    "layer_thickness_261k_256k": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Layer Thickness",
      "short_name": "layth"
    },
    "leaf_area_index_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Leaf Area Index",
      "standard_name": "leaf_area_index",
      "short_name": "lai"
    },
    "lightning_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Lightning",
      "short_name": "ltng"
    },
    "lightning_threat_1m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Maximum lightning threat 1 (graupel flux)",
      "short_name": "ltngsd",
      "comment": "GSD maximum lightning threat 1 derived from upward graupel flux, in flashes km-2 (5 min)-1. Encoded in HRRR GRIB as LTNGSD (lightning strike density) at the pseudo-level 1 m above ground. Before the 2022-06-28T12Z cycle this GRIB slot carried lightning potential index (J kg-1), a different quantity that is not included."
    },
    "lightning_threat_2m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Maximum lightning threat 2 (vertically integrated ice)",
      "short_name": "ltngsd",
      "comment": "GSD maximum lightning threat 2 derived from vertically integrated ice, in flashes km-2 (5 min)-1. Encoded in HRRR GRIB as LTNGSD (lightning strike density) at the pseudo-level 2 m above ground. Before the 2022-06-28T12Z cycle this GRIB slot carried lightning potential index (J kg-1), a different quantity that is not included."
    },
    "low_cloud_cover": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Low cloud cover",
      "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer",
      "short_name": "lcc"
    },
    "mass_density_8m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-3",
      "long_name": "Mass density",
      "short_name": "mdens",
      "comment": "Near-surface smoke concentration. Source values at init_times before 2021-12-21T14Z are in ug m-3; NOAA corrected the encoding to kg m-3 from that cycle onward, so multiply earlier values by 1e-9 to compare."
    },
    "maximum_column_integrated_graupel_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Total column vertically-integrated graupel (snow pellets)",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_mass_content_of_graupel",
      "short_name": "tcolg"
    },
    "maximum_derived_radar_reflectivity_263k": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "dBZ",
      "long_name": "Derived radar reflectivity",
      "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor",
      "short_name": "refd",
      "comment": "0 dBZ is the source's no-echo floor: those cells mean no echo was detected, not a measured value."
    },
    "maximum_downward_vertical_velocity_100_1000mb": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Maximum downward vertical velocity",
      "short_name": "maxdvv"
    },
    "maximum_hail_diameter_0p1sigma": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Hail",
      "short_name": "hail"
    },
    "maximum_hail_diameter_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Hail",
      "short_name": "hail"
    },
    "maximum_hail_diameter_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Hail",
      "short_name": "hail"
    },
    "maximum_relative_vorticity_1000_0m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "s-1",
      "long_name": "Vorticity (relative)",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_upward_relative_vorticity",
      "short_name": "vo"
    },
    "maximum_relative_vorticity_2000_0m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "s-1",
      "long_name": "Vorticity (relative)",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_upward_relative_vorticity",
      "short_name": "vo"
    },
    "maximum_updraft_helicity_2000_0m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m2 s-2",
      "long_name": "Updraft Helicity",
      "short_name": "uphl"
    },
    "maximum_updraft_helicity_3000_0m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m2 s-2",
      "long_name": "Updraft Helicity",
      "short_name": "uphl"
    },
    "maximum_updraft_helicity_5000_2000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m2 s-2",
      "long_name": "Updraft Helicity",
      "short_name": "uphl"
    },
    "maximum_upward_vertical_velocity_100_1000mb": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Maximum upward vertical velocity",
      "standard_name": "upward_air_velocity",
      "short_name": "maxuvv"
    },
    "maximum_vegetation_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Maximum vegetation fraction",
      "standard_name": "vegetation_area_fraction",
      "short_name": "vegmax"
    },
    "maximum_wind_speed_10m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Time-maximum 10 metre wind speed",
      "standard_name": "wind_speed",
      "short_name": "max_10si"
    },
    "maximum_wind_u_component_10m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Maximum 10 metre wind speed u component",
      "short_name": "maxuw",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's x dimension, not eastward velocity."
    },
    "maximum_wind_v_component_10m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Maximum 10 metre wind speed v component",
      "short_name": "maxvw",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's y dimension, not northward velocity."
    },
    "medium_cloud_cover": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Medium cloud cover",
      "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer",
      "short_name": "mcc"
    },
    "minimum_updraft_helicity_2000_0m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m2 s-2",
      "long_name": "Minimum updraft helicity",
      "short_name": "mnuphl"
    },
    "minimum_updraft_helicity_3000_0m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m2 s-2",
      "long_name": "Minimum updraft helicity",
      "short_name": "mnuphl"
    },
    "minimum_updraft_helicity_5000_2000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m2 s-2",
      "long_name": "Minimum updraft helicity",
      "short_name": "mnuphl"
    },
    "minimum_vegetation_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Minimum vegetation fraction",
      "standard_name": "vegetation_area_fraction",
      "short_name": "vegmin"
    },
    "moisture_availability_0m_underground": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Moisture availability",
      "short_name": "mstav"
    },
    "percent_frozen_precipitation_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Percent frozen precipitation",
      "short_name": "cpofp",
      "comment": "NaN where there is no precipitation."
    },
    "planetary_boundary_layer_height_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Boundary layer height",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness",
      "short_name": "blh"
    },
    "plant_canopy_surface_water_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Plant canopy surface water",
      "standard_name": "canopy_water_amount",
      "short_name": "cnwat"
    },
    "potential_temperature_2m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "K",
      "long_name": "Potential temperature",
      "standard_name": "air_potential_temperature",
      "short_name": "pt"
    },
    "precipitable_water_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Precipitable water",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor",
      "short_name": "pwat"
    },
    "precipitation_rate_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2 s-1",
      "long_name": "Precipitation rate",
      "standard_name": "precipitation_flux",
      "short_name": "prate"
    },
    "pressure_0c_isotherm": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "Pa",
      "long_name": "Pressure",
      "standard_name": "air_pressure",
      "short_name": "pres",
      "comment": "Where the freezing level is at or below ground this reports the surface pressure; geopotential_height_0c_isotherm is NaN in the same locations."
    },
    "pressure_cloud_base": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "Pa",
      "long_name": "Pressure",
      "standard_name": "air_pressure_at_cloud_base",
      "short_name": "pres",
      "comment": "NaN where no cloud was detected."
    },
    "pressure_cloud_top": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "Pa",
      "long_name": "Pressure",
      "standard_name": "air_pressure_at_cloud_top",
      "short_name": "pres",
      "comment": "NaN where no cloud top was detected."
    },
    "pressure_highest_tropospheric_freezing_level": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "Pa",
      "long_name": "Pressure",
      "standard_name": "air_pressure",
      "short_name": "pres",
      "comment": "Where the freezing level is at or below ground this reports the surface pressure; geopotential_height_highest_tropospheric_freezing_level is NaN in the same locations."
    },
    "pressure_of_lifted_parcel_level_255_0mb": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "Pa",
      "long_name": "Pressure of level from which parcel was lifted",
      "standard_name": "original_air_pressure_of_lifted_parcel",
      "short_name": "plpl"
    },
    "pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "Pa",
      "long_name": "Pressure reduced to MSL",
      "standard_name": "air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level",
      "short_name": "prmsl"
    },
    "pressure_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "Pa",
      "long_name": "Surface pressure",
      "standard_name": "surface_air_pressure",
      "short_name": "sp"
    },
    "relative_humidity_0c_isotherm": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Relative humidity",
      "standard_name": "relative_humidity",
      "short_name": "r"
    },
    "relative_humidity_2m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "2 metre relative humidity",
      "standard_name": "relative_humidity",
      "short_name": "2r"
    },
    "relative_humidity_highest_tropospheric_freezing_level": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Relative humidity",
      "standard_name": "relative_humidity",
      "short_name": "r"
    },
    "relative_humidity_with_respect_to_precipitable_water_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Relative humidity with respect to precipitable water",
      "short_name": "rhpw"
    },
    "sensible_heat_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Sensible heat flux",
      "standard_name": "surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux",
      "short_name": "shf"
    },
    "snow_area_fraction_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Snow cover",
      "standard_name": "surface_snow_area_fraction",
      "short_name": "snowc"
    },
    "snow_thickness_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Snow depth",
      "standard_name": "surface_snow_thickness",
      "short_name": "sde"
    },
    "snow_water_equivalent_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Snow depth water equivalent",
      "standard_name": "lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount",
      "short_name": "sd"
    },
    "snowfall_water_equivalent_run_total_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Snowfall water equivalent",
      "standard_name": "snowfall_amount",
      "short_name": "sf",
      "comment": "Identical to the one hour accumulated snowfall_water_equivalent_surface in this analysis dataset."
    },
    "snowfall_water_equivalent_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Snowfall water equivalent",
      "standard_name": "snowfall_amount",
      "short_name": "sf"
    },
    "specific_humidity_2m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Specific humidity",
      "standard_name": "specific_humidity",
      "short_name": "q"
    },
    "storm_relative_helicity_1000_0m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m2 s-2",
      "long_name": "Storm relative helicity",
      "short_name": "hlcy"
    },
    "storm_relative_helicity_3000_0m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m2 s-2",
      "long_name": "Storm relative helicity",
      "short_name": "hlcy"
    },
    "storm_surface_runoff_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Storm surface runoff",
      "standard_name": "surface_runoff_amount",
      "short_name": "ssrun"
    },
    "surface_lifted_index_500_1000mb": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "K",
      "long_name": "Surface lifted index",
      "standard_name": "temperature_difference_between_ambient_air_and_air_lifted_adiabatically_from_the_surface",
      "short_name": "lftx"
    },
    "surface_roughness_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Forecast surface roughness",
      "standard_name": "surface_roughness_length",
      "short_name": "fsr"
    },
    "temperature_2m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "degree_Celsius",
      "long_name": "2 metre temperature",
      "standard_name": "air_temperature",
      "short_name": "2t"
    },
    "temperature_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "degree_Celsius",
      "long_name": "Skin temperature",
      "standard_name": "surface_temperature",
      "short_name": "skt"
    },
    "total_cloud_cover_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Total cloud cover",
      "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction",
      "short_name": "tcc"
    },
    "total_cloud_cover_boundary_layer": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Boundary layer cloud cover",
      "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer",
      "short_name": "tcc"
    },
    "total_column_cloud_ice_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Total column-integrated cloud ice",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_ice",
      "short_name": "tcoli"
    },
    "total_column_cloud_water_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Total column-integrated cloud water",
      "standard_name": "atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_liquid_water",
      "short_name": "tcolw"
    },
    "total_precipitation_run_total_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Total precipitation",
      "standard_name": "precipitation_amount",
      "short_name": "tp",
      "comment": "Identical to the one hour accumulated total_precipitation_surface in this analysis dataset."
    },
    "total_precipitation_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Total precipitation",
      "standard_name": "precipitation_amount",
      "short_name": "tp"
    },
    "total_snowfall_run_total_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Total snowfall",
      "standard_name": "thickness_of_snowfall_amount",
      "short_name": "asnow",
      "comment": "Accumulated over the one hour ending at this time."
    },
    "u_component_storm_motion_0_6000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "U-component storm motion",
      "short_name": "ustm",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's x dimension, not eastward velocity."
    },
    "upward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Surface upward long-wave radiation flux",
      "standard_name": "surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air",
      "short_name": "sulwrf"
    },
    "upward_long_wave_radiation_flux_top_of_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Upward long-wave radiation flux",
      "standard_name": "toa_outgoing_longwave_flux",
      "short_name": "ulwrf"
    },
    "upward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Surface upward short-wave radiation flux",
      "standard_name": "surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air",
      "short_name": "suswrf"
    },
    "upward_short_wave_radiation_flux_top_of_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Upward short-wave radiation flux",
      "standard_name": "toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux",
      "short_name": "uswrf"
    },
    "v_component_storm_motion_0_6000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "V-component storm motion",
      "short_name": "vstm",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's y dimension, not northward velocity."
    },
    "vegetation_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "percent",
      "long_name": "Vegetation fraction",
      "standard_name": "vegetation_area_fraction",
      "short_name": "veg"
    },
    "vegetation_type_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Vegetation Type",
      "short_name": "vgtyp",
      "comment": "MODIS-IGBP 20-category land-use classification (WRF MODIFIED_IGBP_MODIS_NOAH), as used by the HRRR land surface model."
    },
    "vertical_u_component_shear_0_1000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Vertical u-component shear",
      "short_name": "vucsh",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's x dimension, not eastward velocity."
    },
    "vertical_u_component_shear_0_6000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Vertical u-component shear",
      "short_name": "vucsh",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's x dimension, not eastward velocity."
    },
    "vertical_v_component_shear_0_1000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Vertical v-component shear",
      "short_name": "vvcsh",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's y dimension, not northward velocity."
    },
    "vertical_v_component_shear_0_6000m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Vertical v-component shear",
      "short_name": "vvcsh",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's y dimension, not northward velocity."
    },
    "vertical_velocity_geometric_0p5_0p8_sigma": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Vertical velocity (geometric)",
      "standard_name": "upward_air_velocity",
      "short_name": "dzdt"
    },
    "vertically_integrated_liquid_atmosphere": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "kg m-2",
      "long_name": "Vertically-integrated liquid",
      "short_name": "veril"
    },
    "visibility_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Visibility",
      "standard_name": "visibility_in_air",
      "short_name": "vis"
    },
    "visible_beam_downward_solar_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Visible Beam Downward Solar Flux",
      "short_name": "vbdsf",
      "comment": "Broadband and direct-normal despite this variable's name: not visible-band, and measured perpendicular to the sun's rays rather than on a horizontal surface."
    },
    "visible_diffuse_downward_solar_flux_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "W m-2",
      "long_name": "Visible Diffuse Downward Solar Flux",
      "short_name": "vddsf",
      "comment": "Broadband despite this variable's name, not visible-band."
    },
    "wind_gust_surface": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "Wind speed (gust)",
      "standard_name": "wind_speed_of_gust",
      "short_name": "gust"
    },
    "wind_u_10m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "10 metre U wind component",
      "standard_name": "x_wind",
      "short_name": "10u",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's x dimension, not eastward velocity."
    },
    "wind_u_80m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "80 metre U wind component",
      "standard_name": "x_wind",
      "short_name": "80u",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's x dimension, not eastward velocity."
    },
    "wind_v_10m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "10 metre V wind component",
      "standard_name": "y_wind",
      "short_name": "10v",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's y dimension, not northward velocity."
    },
    "wind_v_80m": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799
      ],
      "unit": "m s-1",
      "long_name": "80 metre V wind component",
      "standard_name": "y_wind",
      "short_name": "80v",
      "comment": "Velocity along the model grid's y dimension, not northward velocity."
    },
    "model_level/cloud_ice_mixing_ratio": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x",
        "model_level"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799,
        1
      ],
      "unit": "kg kg-1",
      "long_name": "Cloud ice mixing ratio",
      "standard_name": "cloud_ice_mixing_ratio",
      "short_name": "cdcimr"
    },
    "model_level/cloud_mixing_ratio": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x",
        "model_level"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799,
        1
      ],
      "unit": "kg kg-1",
      "long_name": "Cloud mixing ratio",
      "standard_name": "cloud_liquid_water_mixing_ratio",
      "short_name": "clwmr"
    },
    "model_level/fraction_of_cloud_cover": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x",
        "model_level"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799,
        1
      ],
      "unit": "1",
      "long_name": "Cloud cover",
      "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer",
      "short_name": "ccl"
    },
    "model_level/geopotential_height": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x",
        "model_level"
      ],
      "type": "data",
      "chunks": [
        1,
        1059,
        1799,
        1
      ],
      "unit": "m",
      "long_name": "Geopotential height",
      "standard_name": "geopotential_height",
      "short_name": "gh"
    },
    "model_level/graupel": {
      "dimensions": [
        "time",
        "y",
        "x",
        "model_level"
      ],
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