{ "type": "Collection", "id": "noaa-gfs-forecast-virtual", "stac_version": "1.1.0", "description": "Weather forecasts from the Global Forecast System (GFS) operated by NOAA NWS NCEP.", "links": [ { "rel": "root", "href": "https://stac.dynamical.org/catalog.json", "type": "application/json", "title": "dynamical.org STAC Catalog" }, { "rel": "license", "href": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "text/html", "title": "CC-BY-4.0" }, { "rel": "about", "href": "https://dynamical.org/catalog/noaa-gfs-forecast-virtual/", "type": "text/html", "title": "Dataset documentation" }, { "rel": "about", "href": "https://dynamical.org/catalog/noaa-gfs-forecast-virtual/validation/", "type": "text/html", "title": "Validation report" }, { "rel": "example", "href": "https://github.com/dynamical-org/notebooks/blob/main/noaa-gfs-forecast-analysis-virtual.ipynb", "type": "application/x-ipynb+json", "title": "GFS forecast and analysis, virtual (GitHub)" }, { "rel": "example", "href": "https://colab.research.google.com/github/dynamical-org/notebooks/blob/main/noaa-gfs-forecast-analysis-virtual.ipynb", "type": "text/html", "title": "GFS forecast and analysis, virtual (Colab)" }, { "rel": "self", "href": "https://stac.dynamical.org/noaa-gfs-forecast-virtual/collection.json", "type": "application/json", "title": "NOAA GFS forecast, virtual" }, { "rel": "parent", "href": "https://stac.dynamical.org/catalog.json", "type": "application/json", "title": "dynamical.org STAC Catalog" } ], "stac_extensions": [ "https://stac-extensions.github.io/xarray-assets/v1.0.0/schema.json", "https://stac-extensions.github.io/datacube/v2.2.0/schema.json" ], "attribution": "NOAA NWS NCEP GFS data processed by dynamical.org from NOAA Open Data Dissemination archives.", "version": "0.1.0", "model_id": "noaa-gfs", "model_name": "NOAA GFS", "description_summary": "This dataset is an archive of past and present GFS forecasts, optimized for spatial (map) access patterns. Forecasts are identified by an initialization time (`init_time`) denoting the start time of the model run, and step forward along the `lead_time` dimension. A new forecast is initialized every 6 hours.\n\nVariables on pressure levels and fixed heights above mean sea level live in the `pressure_level` and `height_above_mean_sea_level` groups.\n\nNote: `dynamical-catalog>=0.8.0` (or `zarr>=3.2 icechunk>=2.0 gribberish>=1.5`) is required.", "description_details": "### Source\n\nThe source grib files this archive is constructed from are provided by [NOAA Open Data Dissemination (NODD)](https://www.noaa.gov/information-technology/open-data-dissemination) and accessed from the [AWS Open Data Registry](https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/). Operational data is additionally accessed from [NOAA NOMADS](https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/).\n\n### Storage\n\nStorage for this dataset is generously provided by [AWS Open Data](https://aws.amazon.com/opendata/).\n\n### Chunks\n\nThis dataset is stored in [Zarr](https://zarr.dev/) format, which splits each variable into a grid of **chunks** \u2014 the smallest unit read from storage. When possible, aligning your reads with this dataset's chunk grid can significantly improve data access speed.\n\nThe element count and coordinate span of this dataset:\n\n| dimension | chunk |\n|---|---|\n| init_time | 1 (6 hours) |\n| lead_time | 1 (~1 hour) |\n| latitude | 721 (180.25\u00b0) |\n| longitude | 1440 (360\u00b0) |\n| **uncompressed** | 7.9 MiB |\n\n### Validation report\n\nReview the [validation report](https://dynamical.org/catalog/noaa-gfs-forecast-virtual/validation/) for variable availability, missing data, known quirks, fill values, value distributions, and sample plots.", "description_model": "The Global Forecast System (GFS) is a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) weather forecast model that generates data for dozens of atmospheric and land-soil variables, including temperatures, winds, precipitation, soil moisture, and atmospheric ozone concentration. The system couples four separate models (atmosphere, ocean model, land/soil model, and sea ice) that work together to depict weather conditions.", "examples": [ { "title": "Temperature map", "variants": [ { "label": "dynamical-catalog", "code": "import dynamical_catalog # dynamical-catalog>=0.8.0\n\nds = dynamical_catalog.open(\"noaa-gfs-forecast-virtual\", chunks=None)\nds[\"temperature_2m\"].sel(init_time=\"2025-01-01T00\", lead_time=\"24h\")\n\n# Variables with a vertical dimension live in the pressure_level\n# and height_above_mean_sea_level groups\nds_pressure = dynamical_catalog.open(\"noaa-gfs-forecast-virtual\", group=\"pressure_level\", chunks=None)\nds_height = dynamical_catalog.open(\"noaa-gfs-forecast-virtual\", group=\"height_above_mean_sea_level\", chunks=None)\n\nds_pressure[\"temperature\"].sel(init_time=\"2025-01-01T00\", lead_time=\"24h\", pressure_level=500)", "language": "python" }, { "label": "pystac + icechunk", "code": "import icechunk\nimport pystac\nimport xarray as xr\n\ncatalog = pystac.Catalog.from_file(\"https://stac.dynamical.org/catalog.json\")\ncollection = catalog.get_child(\"noaa-gfs-forecast-virtual\")\nasset = collection.assets[\"icechunk-https\"]\n\nauthorize = icechunk.containers_credentials({\"s3://noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/\": icechunk.s3_anonymous_credentials()})\nrepo = icechunk.Repository.open(\n icechunk.http_storage(asset.href),\n authorize_virtual_chunk_access=authorize,\n)\nsession = repo.readonly_session(\"main\")\n\nds = xr.open_zarr(session.store, chunks=None)\nds[\"temperature_2m\"].sel(init_time=\"2025-01-01T00\", lead_time=\"24h\")\n\n# Variables with a vertical dimension live in the pressure_level\n# and height_above_mean_sea_level groups\nds_pressure = xr.open_zarr(session.store, group=\"pressure_level\", chunks=None)\nds_height = xr.open_zarr(session.store, group=\"height_above_mean_sea_level\", chunks=None)\n\nds_pressure[\"temperature\"].sel(init_time=\"2025-01-01T00\", lead_time=\"24h\", pressure_level=500)", "language": "python" } ] } ], "cube:dimensions": { "init_time": { "type": "temporal", "extent": [ "2021-05-01T00:00:00Z", null ], "unit": "seconds since 1970-01-01" }, "latitude": { "type": "spatial", "extent": [ -90.0, 90.0 ], "axis": "y", "unit": "degree_north", "size": 721 }, "lead_time": { "type": "other", "extent": [ 0, 1382400 ], "unit": "seconds", "size": 209 }, "longitude": { "type": "spatial", "extent": [ -180.0, 179.75 ], "axis": "x", "unit": "degree_east", "size": 1440 }, "height_above_mean_sea_level": { "type": "other", "extent": [ 305.0, 4572.0 ], "unit": "m", "size": 8 }, "pressure_level": { "type": "other", "extent": [ 0.01, 1000.0 ], "unit": "hPa", "size": 57 } }, "cube:variables": { "albedo_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Forecast albedo", "standard_name": "surface_albedo", "short_name": "fal", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. Exactly 0 wherever the averaging window received no sunlight; exclude those zeros from a time mean albedo." }, "apparent_temperature_2m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Apparent temperature", "short_name": "aptmp", "comment": "Equal to temperature_2m in mild conditions, wind chill when colder and heat index when hotter." }, "average_high_cloud_cover": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "High cloud cover", "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer", "short_name": "hcc", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "average_low_cloud_cover": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Low cloud cover", "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer", "short_name": "lcc", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "average_medium_cloud_cover": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Medium cloud cover", "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer", "short_name": "mcc", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "average_precipitation_rate_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg m-2 s-1", "long_name": "Precipitation rate", "standard_name": "precipitation_flux", "short_name": "prate", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "average_pressure_high_cloud_bottom": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. NaN where the source reports no high cloud in the column, and at some cloud-field edges where average_high_cloud_cover is near zero." }, "average_pressure_high_cloud_top": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. NaN where the source reports no high cloud in the column, and at some cloud-field edges where average_high_cloud_cover is near zero." }, "average_pressure_low_cloud_bottom": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. NaN where the source reports no low cloud in the column, and at some cloud-field edges where average_low_cloud_cover is near zero." }, "average_pressure_low_cloud_top": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. NaN where the source reports no low cloud in the column, and at some cloud-field edges where average_low_cloud_cover is near zero." }, "average_pressure_middle_cloud_bottom": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. NaN where the source reports no middle cloud in the column, and at some cloud-field edges where average_medium_cloud_cover is near zero." }, "average_pressure_middle_cloud_top": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. NaN where the source reports no middle cloud in the column, and at some cloud-field edges where average_medium_cloud_cover is near zero." }, "average_temperature_high_cloud_top": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. NaN where the source reports no high cloud in the column, and at some cloud-field edges where average_high_cloud_cover is near zero." }, "average_temperature_low_cloud_top": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. NaN where the source reports no low cloud in the column, and at some cloud-field edges where average_low_cloud_cover is near zero." }, "average_temperature_middle_cloud_top": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. NaN where the source reports no middle cloud in the column, and at some cloud-field edges where average_medium_cloud_cover is near zero." }, "average_total_cloud_cover_boundary_layer": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Boundary layer cloud cover", "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer", "short_name": "tcc", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "best_4_layer_lifted_index_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "K", "long_name": "Best (4-layer) lifted index", "standard_name": "temperature_difference_between_ambient_air_and_air_lifted_adiabatically", "short_name": "4lftx" }, "categorical_freezing_rain_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Categorical freezing rain", "short_name": "cfrzr", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. 0=no; 1=yes." }, "categorical_ice_pellets_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Categorical ice pellets", "short_name": "cicep", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. 0=no; 1=yes." }, "categorical_rain_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Categorical rain", "short_name": "crain", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. 0=no; 1=yes." }, "categorical_snow_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Categorical snow", "short_name": "csnow", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. 0=no; 1=yes." }, "clear_sky_uv_b_downward_solar_flux_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "W m-2", "long_name": "Clear sky UV-B downward solar flux", "short_name": "cduvb", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. The UV-B portion of the downward shortwave flux at the surface, covering 263-345 nm, computed with clouds removed." }, "cloud_mixing_ratio_model_level_1": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg kg-1", "long_name": "Cloud mixing ratio", "standard_name": "cloud_liquid_water_mixing_ratio", "short_name": "clwmr", "comment": "GFS model level 1, the lowest native hybrid sigma-pressure layer, immediately above the ground." }, "cloud_water_atmosphere": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg m-2", "long_name": "Cloud water", "standard_name": "atmosphere_mass_content_of_cloud_condensed_water", "short_name": "cwat" }, "cloud_work_function_atmosphere": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "J kg-1", "long_name": "Cloud work function", "short_name": "cwork", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "composite_reflectivity": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "dBZ", "long_name": "Maximum/Composite radar reflectivity", "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor", "short_name": "refc", "comment": "-20 dBZ means no echo was detected." }, "convective_available_potential_energy_180_0mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "J kg-1", "long_name": "Convective available potential energy", "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_available_potential_energy", "short_name": "cape", "comment": "Energy released by a parcel lifted from the most unstable of six 30 hPa layers in the lowest 180 hPa, rather than from one parcel averaged over that depth." }, "convective_available_potential_energy_255_0mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "J kg-1", "long_name": "Convective available potential energy", "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_available_potential_energy", "short_name": "cape", "comment": "Energy released by a parcel lifted from the most unstable level in the lowest 300 hPa. The source labels the record 255 hPa but searches 300." }, "convective_available_potential_energy_90_0mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "J kg-1", "long_name": "Convective available potential energy", "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_available_potential_energy", "short_name": "cape" }, "convective_available_potential_energy_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "J kg-1", "long_name": "Convective available potential energy", "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_available_potential_energy", "short_name": "cape" }, "convective_cloud_cover": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Convective cloud cover", "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer", "short_name": "ccc" }, "convective_inhibition_180_0mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "J kg-1", "long_name": "Convective inhibition", "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_inhibition", "short_name": "cin", "comment": "Negative where there is inhibition and at or near zero where there is none." }, "convective_inhibition_255_0mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "J kg-1", "long_name": "Convective inhibition", "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_inhibition", "short_name": "cin", "comment": "Negative where there is inhibition and at or near zero where there is none." }, "convective_inhibition_90_0mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "J kg-1", "long_name": "Convective inhibition", "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_inhibition", "short_name": "cin", "comment": "Negative where there is inhibition and at or near zero where there is none." }, "convective_inhibition_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "J kg-1", "long_name": "Convective inhibition", "standard_name": "atmosphere_convective_inhibition", "short_name": "cin", "comment": "Negative where there is inhibition and at or near zero where there is none." }, "convective_precipitation_run_total_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg m-2", "long_name": "Convective precipitation", "standard_name": "convective_precipitation_amount", "short_name": "cp", "comment": "Accumulated from the forecast initialization time to this step." }, "convective_precipitation_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg m-2", "long_name": "Convective precipitation", "standard_name": "convective_precipitation_amount", "short_name": "cp", "comment": "Accumulated over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "derived_radar_reflectivity_1000m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "dBZ", "long_name": "Derived radar reflectivity", "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor", "short_name": "refd", "comment": "-20 dBZ means no echo was detected." }, "derived_radar_reflectivity_4000m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "dBZ", "long_name": "Derived radar reflectivity", "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor", "short_name": "refd", "comment": "-20 dBZ means no echo was detected." }, "derived_radar_reflectivity_model_level_1": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "dBZ", "long_name": "Derived radar reflectivity", "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor", "short_name": "refd", "comment": "GFS model level 1, the lowest native hybrid sigma-pressure layer, immediately above the ground. -20 dBZ means no echo was detected." }, "derived_radar_reflectivity_model_level_2": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "dBZ", "long_name": "Derived radar reflectivity", "standard_name": "equivalent_reflectivity_factor", "short_name": "refd", "comment": "GFS model level 2, the second native hybrid sigma-pressure layer above the ground. -20 dBZ means no echo was detected." }, "dew_point_temperature_2m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "2 metre dewpoint temperature", "standard_name": "dew_point_temperature", "short_name": "2d" }, "downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "W m-2", "long_name": "Surface downward long-wave radiation flux", "standard_name": "surface_downwelling_longwave_flux_in_air", "short_name": "sdlwrf", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "W m-2", "long_name": "Surface downward short-wave radiation flux", "standard_name": "surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air", "short_name": "sdswrf", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "eastward_gravity_wave_surface_stress": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Eastward gravity wave surface stress", "short_name": "lgws", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. Positive values are a westward gravity wave drag force on the atmosphere: the opposite sign convention to CF's atmosphere_eastward_stress_due_to_gravity_wave_drag." }, "field_capacity_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Field Capacity", "standard_name": "volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil_at_field_capacity", "short_name": "fldcp", "comment": "NaN over water." }, "friction_velocity_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "Friction velocity", "standard_name": "magnitude_of_surface_friction_velocity_in_air", "short_name": "zust" }, "geopotential_height_0c_isotherm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh", "comment": "Zero marks a freezing level at or below the surface rather than missing data; over water, where the surface is at zero height, it is a genuine value." }, "geopotential_height_0p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "geopotential_height_1p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "geopotential_height_1pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "geopotential_height_2pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "geopotential_height_cloud_ceiling": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh", "comment": "Values near 20,000m mark no cloud ceiling. Interpolation in the source mixes the no data value with real ceiling heights, so unusable values span a range rather than one value and are not converted to NaN. Mask values above 19,000m." }, "geopotential_height_highest_tropospheric_freezing_level": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh", "comment": "Zero marks a freezing level at or below the surface rather than missing data; over water, where the surface is at zero height, it is a genuine value." }, "geopotential_height_max_wind": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh", "comment": "The source searches only 500 to 100 hPa for this level, so stronger wind can lie outside that layer." }, "geopotential_height_minus0p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "geopotential_height_minus1p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "geopotential_height_minus1pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "geopotential_height_minus2pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "geopotential_height_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh" }, "geopotential_height_tropopause": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh" }, "graupel_model_level_1": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg kg-1", "long_name": "Graupel (snow pellets)", "short_name": "grle", "comment": "GFS model level 1, the lowest native hybrid sigma-pressure layer, immediately above the ground." }, "ground_heat_flux_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "W m-2", "long_name": "Ground heat flux", "standard_name": "upward_heat_flux_at_ground_level_in_soil", "short_name": "gflux", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. NaN over open water." }, "haines_index_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Haines Index", "short_name": "hindex", "comment": "Fire-weather index of lower-atmosphere stability and dryness for large plume-dominated fire growth. NaN over open water." }, "high_cloud_cover": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "High cloud cover", "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer", "short_name": "hcc" }, "icao_standard_atmosphere_reference_height_max_wind": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "ICAO Standard Atmosphere reference height", "short_name": "icaht", "comment": "Pressure altitude: the ICAO Standard Atmosphere height for this level's pressure, not its actual height, which geopotential_height_max_wind carries. The source searches only 500 to 100 hPa for this level, so stronger wind can lie outside that layer." }, "icao_standard_atmosphere_reference_height_tropopause": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "ICAO Standard Atmosphere reference height", "short_name": "icaht", "comment": "Pressure altitude: the ICAO Standard Atmosphere height for this level's pressure, not its actual height, which geopotential_height_tropopause carries." }, "ice_cover_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Ice cover (1=ice, 0=no ice)", "standard_name": "floating_ice_area_fraction", "short_name": "icec", "comment": "The fraction of the cell covered by floating ice, taking any value between 0 and 1." }, "ice_growth_rate_10m_amsl": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "Ice growth rate", "short_name": "iceg", "comment": "Rate of marine icing accretion on a vessel superstructure." }, "ice_temperature_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Sea ice surface temperature", "short_name": "sist", "comment": "Temperature of the ice surface, covering lake ice as well as sea ice despite the source parameter name. NaN where there is no ice." }, "ice_thickness_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Ice thickness", "standard_name": "floating_ice_thickness", "short_name": "icetk" }, "ice_water_mixing_ratio_model_level_1": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg kg-1", "long_name": "Ice water mixing ratio", "standard_name": "cloud_ice_mixing_ratio", "short_name": "icmr", "comment": "GFS model level 1, the lowest native hybrid sigma-pressure layer, immediately above the ground." }, "instantaneous_categorical_freezing_rain_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Categorical freezing rain", "short_name": "cfrzr", "comment": "0=no; 1=yes." }, "instantaneous_categorical_ice_pellets_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Categorical ice pellets", "short_name": "cicep", "comment": "0=no; 1=yes." }, "instantaneous_categorical_rain_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Categorical rain", "short_name": "crain", "comment": "0=no; 1=yes." }, "instantaneous_categorical_snow_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Categorical snow", "short_name": "csnow", "comment": "0=no; 1=yes." }, "instantaneous_precipitation_convective_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg m-2 s-1", "long_name": "Convective precipitation rate", "standard_name": "convective_precipitation_flux", "short_name": "cpr" }, "instantaneous_total_cloud_cover_atmosphere": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Total cloud cover", "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction", "short_name": "tcc" }, "land_sea_mask_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Land-sea mask", "standard_name": "land_binary_mask", "short_name": "lsm" }, "latent_heat_flux_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "W m-2", "long_name": "Latent heat flux", "standard_name": "surface_upward_latent_heat_flux", "short_name": "lhf", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "liquid_volumetric_soil_moisture_0_10cm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Liquid volumetric soil moisture (non-frozen)", "short_name": "soill", "comment": "Unfrozen fraction only; volumetric_soil_moisture_0_10cm carries frozen plus liquid water. NaN over water. Over permanent land ice the value is a placeholder rather than soil moisture: near 1 on fully ice-covered cells and above about 0.5 where ice partly covers the cell." }, "liquid_volumetric_soil_moisture_100_200cm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Liquid volumetric soil moisture (non-frozen)", "short_name": "soill", "comment": "Unfrozen fraction only; volumetric_soil_moisture_100_200cm carries frozen plus liquid water. NaN over water. Over permanent land ice the value is a placeholder rather than soil moisture: near 1 on fully ice-covered cells and above about 0.5 where ice partly covers the cell." }, "liquid_volumetric_soil_moisture_10_40cm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Liquid volumetric soil moisture (non-frozen)", "short_name": "soill", "comment": "Unfrozen fraction only; volumetric_soil_moisture_10_40cm carries frozen plus liquid water. NaN over water. Over permanent land ice the value is a placeholder rather than soil moisture: near 1 on fully ice-covered cells and above about 0.5 where ice partly covers the cell." }, "liquid_volumetric_soil_moisture_40_100cm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Liquid volumetric soil moisture (non-frozen)", "short_name": "soill", "comment": "Unfrozen fraction only; volumetric_soil_moisture_40_100cm carries frozen plus liquid water. NaN over water. Over permanent land ice the value is a placeholder rather than soil moisture: near 1 on fully ice-covered cells and above about 0.5 where ice partly covers the cell." }, "low_cloud_cover": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Low cloud cover", "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer", "short_name": "lcc" }, "maximum_temperature_2m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Maximum temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "tmax", "comment": "Maximum value over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "medium_cloud_cover": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Medium cloud cover", "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer", "short_name": "mcc" }, "minimum_temperature_2m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Minimum temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "tmin", "comment": "Minimum value over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "momentum_flux_u_component_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Momentum flux, u-component", "short_name": "uflx", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. Positive values are an upward flux of eastward momentum, from the surface into the atmosphere: the opposite sign convention to CF's surface_downward_eastward_stress." }, "momentum_flux_v_component_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Momentum flux, v-component", "short_name": "vflx", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. Positive values are an upward flux of northward momentum, from the surface into the atmosphere: the opposite sign convention to CF's surface_downward_northward_stress." }, "northward_gravity_wave_surface_stress": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Northward gravity wave surface stress", "short_name": "mgws", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. Positive values are a southward gravity wave drag force on the atmosphere: the opposite sign convention to CF's atmosphere_northward_stress_due_to_gravity_wave_drag." }, "percent_frozen_precipitation_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Percent frozen precipitation", "short_name": "cpofp", "comment": "Negative values mark no precipitation. Interpolation in the source mixes the no data value with real percentages, so unusable values span a range rather than one value and are not converted to NaN. Mask values < -0.1." }, "planetary_boundary_layer_height_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Boundary layer height", "standard_name": "atmosphere_boundary_layer_thickness", "short_name": "blh" }, "plant_canopy_surface_water_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg m-2", "long_name": "Plant canopy surface water", "standard_name": "canopy_water_amount", "short_name": "cnwat", "comment": "NaN over water." }, "potential_evaporation_rate_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "W m-2", "long_name": "Potential evaporation rate", "short_name": "pevr", "comment": "Potential evaporation demand computed by the land model, not the actual evaporative flux, so it is not bounded by available net radiation. NaN over open water." }, "potential_temperature_0p995_sigma": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "K", "long_name": "Potential temperature", "standard_name": "air_potential_temperature", "short_name": "pt" }, "precipitable_water_atmosphere": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg m-2", "long_name": "Precipitable water", "standard_name": "atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor", "short_name": "pwat" }, "precipitation_convective_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg m-2 s-1", "long_name": "Convective precipitation rate", "standard_name": "convective_precipitation_flux", "short_name": "cpr", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "precipitation_rate_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg m-2 s-1", "long_name": "Precipitation rate", "standard_name": "precipitation_flux", "short_name": "prate" }, "pressure_0p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "standard_name": "air_pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "pressure_1p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "standard_name": "air_pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "pressure_1pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "standard_name": "air_pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "pressure_2pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "standard_name": "air_pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "pressure_80m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "80 metre pressure", "standard_name": "air_pressure", "short_name": "80sp" }, "pressure_convective_cloud_bottom": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "standard_name": "air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_base", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "NaN means the source does not provide a convective cloud base pressure at this cell; this can occur even when convective_cloud_cover is nonzero." }, "pressure_convective_cloud_top": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "standard_name": "air_pressure_at_convective_cloud_top", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "NaN means the source does not provide a convective cloud top pressure at this cell; this can occur even when convective_cloud_cover is nonzero." }, "pressure_max_wind": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "standard_name": "air_pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "The source searches only 500 to 100 hPa for this level, so stronger wind can lie outside that layer." }, "pressure_minus0p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "standard_name": "air_pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "pressure_minus1p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "standard_name": "air_pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "pressure_minus1pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "standard_name": "air_pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "pressure_minus2pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "standard_name": "air_pressure", "short_name": "pres", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "pressure_of_lifted_parcel_level_255_0mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure of level from which parcel was lifted", "standard_name": "original_air_pressure_of_lifted_parcel", "short_name": "plpl", "comment": "Clipped at the highest pressure this field encodes, near 100000 Pa, where a large fraction of cells sit. Their true pressure is at or above that ceiling, not absent." }, "pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure reduced to MSL", "standard_name": "air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level", "short_name": "prmsl" }, "pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level_eta_model": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "MSLP (Eta model reduction)", "standard_name": "air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level", "short_name": "mslet", "comment": "Mean sea level pressure computed with the Eta model reduction, an alternative to pressure_reduced_to_mean_sea_level that differs mainly over high terrain." }, "pressure_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Surface pressure", "standard_name": "surface_air_pressure", "short_name": "sp" }, "pressure_tropopause": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa", "long_name": "Pressure", "standard_name": "tropopause_air_pressure", "short_name": "pres" }, "rain_mixing_ratio_model_level_1": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg kg-1", "long_name": "Rain mixing ratio", "short_name": "rwmr", "comment": "GFS model level 1, the lowest native hybrid sigma-pressure layer, immediately above the ground." }, "relative_humidity_0c_isotherm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r" }, "relative_humidity_0p33_1_sigma": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r" }, "relative_humidity_0p44_0p72_sigma": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r" }, "relative_humidity_0p44_1_sigma": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r" }, "relative_humidity_0p72_0p94_sigma": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r" }, "relative_humidity_0p995_sigma": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r" }, "relative_humidity_120_90mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r", "comment": "The 120-90 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "relative_humidity_150_120mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r", "comment": "The 150-120 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "relative_humidity_180_150mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r", "comment": "The 180-150 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "relative_humidity_2m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "2 metre relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "2r" }, "relative_humidity_30_0mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r" }, "relative_humidity_60_30mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r", "comment": "The 60-30 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "relative_humidity_90_60mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r", "comment": "The 90-60 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "relative_humidity_atmosphere": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r" }, "relative_humidity_highest_tropospheric_freezing_level": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r" }, "sensible_heat_flux_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "W m-2", "long_name": "Sensible heat flux", "standard_name": "surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux", "short_name": "shf", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "snow_mixing_ratio_model_level_1": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg kg-1", "long_name": "Snow mixing ratio", "short_name": "snmr", "comment": "GFS model level 1, the lowest native hybrid sigma-pressure layer, immediately above the ground." }, "snow_thickness_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Snow depth", "standard_name": "surface_snow_thickness", "short_name": "sde", "comment": "NaN over open water." }, "snow_water_equivalent_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Snow depth water equivalent", "standard_name": "lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount", "short_name": "sd", "comment": "NaN over open water." }, "soil_temperature_0_10cm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Soil temperature", "standard_name": "soil_temperature", "short_name": "sot", "comment": "NaN over open water." }, "soil_temperature_100_200cm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Soil temperature", "standard_name": "soil_temperature", "short_name": "sot", "comment": "NaN over open water." }, "soil_temperature_10_40cm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Soil temperature", "standard_name": "soil_temperature", "short_name": "sot", "comment": "NaN over open water." }, "soil_temperature_40_100cm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Soil temperature", "standard_name": "soil_temperature", "short_name": "sot", "comment": "NaN over open water." }, "soil_type_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Soil type", "short_name": "slt", "comment": "Soil texture class from the 16 category STATSGO classification used by the GFS Noah land surface model, and 0 over water. Interpolation to this grid leaves values between the integer class codes, so a value is not exactly a class number." }, "specific_humidity_120_90mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Specific humidity", "standard_name": "specific_humidity", "short_name": "q", "comment": "The 120-90 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "specific_humidity_150_120mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Specific humidity", "standard_name": "specific_humidity", "short_name": "q", "comment": "The 150-120 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "specific_humidity_180_150mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Specific humidity", "standard_name": "specific_humidity", "short_name": "q", "comment": "The 180-150 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "specific_humidity_2m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Specific humidity", "standard_name": "specific_humidity", "short_name": "q" }, "specific_humidity_30_0mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Specific humidity", "standard_name": "specific_humidity", "short_name": "q" }, "specific_humidity_60_30mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Specific humidity", "standard_name": "specific_humidity", "short_name": "q", "comment": "The 60-30 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "specific_humidity_80m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Specific humidity", "standard_name": "specific_humidity", "short_name": "q" }, "specific_humidity_90_60mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Specific humidity", "standard_name": "specific_humidity", "short_name": "q", "comment": "The 90-60 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "storm_relative_helicity_3000_0m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m2 s-2", "long_name": "Storm relative helicity", "short_name": "hlcy", "comment": "Uses a right-moving storm motion in both hemispheres, so southern hemisphere values are positive-mean rather than mirrored." }, "sunshine_duration_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "s", "long_name": "Sunshine Duration", "standard_name": "duration_of_sunshine", "short_name": "SUNSD", "comment": "Sunshine accumulated over the preceding 1-6 hours, not an instantaneous value: the total restarts every 6 hours and so reaches at most 21600 s. The source index labels it instantaneous, which is why it carries no window step type." }, "surface_lifted_index_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "K", "long_name": "Surface lifted index", "standard_name": "temperature_difference_between_ambient_air_and_air_lifted_adiabatically_from_the_surface", "short_name": "lftx" }, "surface_roughness_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Forecast surface roughness", "standard_name": "surface_roughness_length", "short_name": "fsr" }, "temperature_0p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "temperature_0p995_sigma": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t" }, "temperature_100m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t" }, "temperature_120_90mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "The 120-90 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "temperature_150_120mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "The 150-120 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "temperature_180_150mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "The 180-150 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "temperature_1p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "temperature_1pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "temperature_2m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "2 metre temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "2t" }, "temperature_2pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "temperature_30_0mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t" }, "temperature_60_30mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "The 60-30 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "temperature_80m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "80 metre temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "80t" }, "temperature_90_60mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "The 90-60 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "temperature_max_wind": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "The source searches only 500 to 100 hPa for this level, so stronger wind can lie outside that layer." }, "temperature_minus0p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "temperature_minus1p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "temperature_minus1pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "temperature_minus2pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "temperature_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Skin temperature", "standard_name": "surface_temperature", "short_name": "skt" }, "temperature_tropopause": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "tropopause_air_temperature", "short_name": "t" }, "total_cloud_cover_atmosphere": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Total cloud cover", "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction", "short_name": "tcc", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "total_ozone_atmosphere": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Total ozone", "standard_name": "equivalent_thickness_at_stp_of_atmosphere_ozone_content", "short_name": "tozne", "comment": "The thickness the column's ozone would occupy as pure ozone at standard temperature and pressure; 1e-5 m is one Dobson unit." }, "total_precipitation_run_total_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg m-2", "long_name": "Total precipitation", "standard_name": "precipitation_amount", "short_name": "tp", "comment": "Accumulated from the forecast initialization time to this step." }, "total_precipitation_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg m-2", "long_name": "Total precipitation", "standard_name": "precipitation_amount", "short_name": "tp", "comment": "Accumulated over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "u_component_storm_motion_6000_0m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U-component storm motion", "short_name": "ustm", "comment": "The Bunkers right-moving supercell motion." }, "upward_long_wave_radiation_flux_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "W m-2", "long_name": "Surface upward long-wave radiation flux", "standard_name": "surface_upwelling_longwave_flux_in_air", "short_name": "sulwrf", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "upward_long_wave_radiation_flux_top_of_atmosphere": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "W m-2", "long_name": "Upward long-wave radiation flux", "standard_name": "toa_outgoing_longwave_flux", "short_name": "ulwrf", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "upward_short_wave_radiation_flux_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "W m-2", "long_name": "Surface upward short-wave radiation flux", "standard_name": "surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air", "short_name": "suswrf", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "upward_short_wave_radiation_flux_top_of_atmosphere": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "W m-2", "long_name": "Upward short-wave radiation flux", "standard_name": "toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux", "short_name": "uswrf", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step." }, "uv_b_downward_solar_flux_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "W m-2", "long_name": "UV-B downward solar flux", "short_name": "duvb", "comment": "Averaged over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. The UV-B portion of the downward shortwave flux at the surface, covering 263-345 nm." }, "v_component_storm_motion_6000_0m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V-component storm motion", "short_name": "vstm", "comment": "The Bunkers right-moving supercell motion." }, "vegetation_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Vegetation fraction", "standard_name": "vegetation_area_fraction", "short_name": "veg", "comment": "NaN over water." }, "ventilation_rate_planetary_boundary_layer": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m2 s-1", "long_name": "Ventilation Rate", "short_name": "VRATE" }, "vertical_speed_shear_0p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "s-1", "long_name": "Vertical speed shear", "standard_name": "wind_speed_shear", "short_name": "vwsh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "vertical_speed_shear_1p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "s-1", "long_name": "Vertical speed shear", "standard_name": "wind_speed_shear", "short_name": "vwsh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "vertical_speed_shear_1pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "s-1", "long_name": "Vertical speed shear", "standard_name": "wind_speed_shear", "short_name": "vwsh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "vertical_speed_shear_2pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "s-1", "long_name": "Vertical speed shear", "standard_name": "wind_speed_shear", "short_name": "vwsh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "vertical_speed_shear_minus0p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "s-1", "long_name": "Vertical speed shear", "standard_name": "wind_speed_shear", "short_name": "vwsh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "vertical_speed_shear_minus1p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "s-1", "long_name": "Vertical speed shear", "standard_name": "wind_speed_shear", "short_name": "vwsh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "vertical_speed_shear_minus1pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "s-1", "long_name": "Vertical speed shear", "standard_name": "wind_speed_shear", "short_name": "vwsh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "vertical_speed_shear_minus2pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "s-1", "long_name": "Vertical speed shear", "standard_name": "wind_speed_shear", "short_name": "vwsh", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "vertical_speed_shear_tropopause": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "s-1", "long_name": "Vertical speed shear", "standard_name": "wind_speed_shear", "short_name": "vwsh" }, "vertical_velocity_0p995_sigma": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "Pa s-1", "long_name": "Vertical velocity", "standard_name": "lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure", "short_name": "w" }, "visibility_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Visibility", "standard_name": "visibility_in_air", "short_name": "vis", "comment": "Clipped at the maximum visibility this field encodes, about 24 km, where a large fraction of cells sit. The true visibility there is at least that far, not absent." }, "volumetric_soil_moisture_0_10cm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Volumetric soil moisture", "standard_name": "volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil", "short_name": "vsw", "comment": "NaN over water. Over permanent land ice the value is a placeholder rather than soil moisture: near 1 on fully ice-covered cells and above about 0.5 where ice partly covers the cell." }, "volumetric_soil_moisture_100_200cm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Volumetric soil moisture", "standard_name": "volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil", "short_name": "vsw", "comment": "NaN over water. Over permanent land ice the value is a placeholder rather than soil moisture: near 1 on fully ice-covered cells and above about 0.5 where ice partly covers the cell." }, "volumetric_soil_moisture_10_40cm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Volumetric soil moisture", "standard_name": "volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil", "short_name": "vsw", "comment": "NaN over water. Over permanent land ice the value is a placeholder rather than soil moisture: near 1 on fully ice-covered cells and above about 0.5 where ice partly covers the cell." }, "volumetric_soil_moisture_40_100cm": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Volumetric soil moisture", "standard_name": "volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil", "short_name": "vsw", "comment": "NaN over water. Over permanent land ice the value is a placeholder rather than soil moisture: near 1 on fully ice-covered cells and above about 0.5 where ice partly covers the cell." }, "water_runoff_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "kg m-2", "long_name": "Water runoff", "standard_name": "runoff_amount", "short_name": "watr", "comment": "Accumulated over the preceding 1-6 hours of forecast lead time, since the last lead time divisible by 6 before this step. NaN over water." }, "wilting_point_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Wilting point", "standard_name": "volume_fraction_of_condensed_water_in_soil_at_wilting_point", "short_name": "wilt", "comment": "NaN over water." }, "wind_gust_surface": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "Wind speed (gust)", "standard_name": "wind_speed_of_gust", "short_name": "gust" }, "wind_u_0p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_u_0p995_sigma": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u" }, "wind_u_100m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "100 metre U wind component", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "100u" }, "wind_u_10m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "10 metre U wind component", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "10u" }, "wind_u_120_90mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "The 120-90 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "wind_u_150_120mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "The 150-120 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "wind_u_180_150mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "The 180-150 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "wind_u_1p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_u_1pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_u_20m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u" }, "wind_u_2pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_u_30_0mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u" }, "wind_u_30m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u" }, "wind_u_40m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u" }, "wind_u_50m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u" }, "wind_u_60_30mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "The 60-30 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "wind_u_80m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "80 metre U wind component", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "80u" }, "wind_u_90_60mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "The 90-60 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "wind_u_max_wind": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "The source searches only 500 to 100 hPa for this level, so stronger wind can lie outside that layer." }, "wind_u_minus0p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_u_minus1p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_u_minus1pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_u_minus2pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_u_planetary_boundary_layer": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "The mean wind through the depth of the planetary boundary layer, not the wind at its top." }, "wind_u_tropopause": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u" }, "wind_v_0p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_v_0p995_sigma": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v" }, "wind_v_100m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "100 metre V wind component", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "100v" }, "wind_v_10m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "10 metre V wind component", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "10v" }, "wind_v_120_90mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "The 120-90 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "wind_v_150_120mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "The 150-120 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "wind_v_180_150mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "The 180-150 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "wind_v_1p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_v_1pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_v_20m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v" }, "wind_v_2pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_v_30_0mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v" }, "wind_v_30m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v" }, "wind_v_40m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v" }, "wind_v_50m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v" }, "wind_v_60_30mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "The 60-30 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "wind_v_80m": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "80 metre V wind component", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "80v" }, "wind_v_90_60mb": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "The 90-60 mb in the name are pressure differences from the surface, not isobaric levels." }, "wind_v_max_wind": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "The source searches only 500 to 100 hPa for this level, so stronger wind can lie outside that layer." }, "wind_v_minus0p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_v_minus1p5pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_v_minus1pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_v_minus2pvu": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "NaN where this potential vorticity surface does not exist in the column." }, "wind_v_planetary_boundary_layer": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "The mean wind through the depth of the planetary boundary layer, not the wind at its top." }, "wind_v_tropopause": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v" }, "height_above_mean_sea_level/temperature": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "height_above_mean_sea_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t", "comment": "NaN where the terrain is above this level." }, "height_above_mean_sea_level/wind_u": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "height_above_mean_sea_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u", "comment": "NaN where the terrain is above this level." }, "height_above_mean_sea_level/wind_v": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "height_above_mean_sea_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v", "comment": "NaN where the terrain is above this level." }, "pressure_level/absolute_vorticity": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "s-1", "long_name": "Absolute vorticity", "standard_name": "atmosphere_upward_absolute_vorticity", "short_name": "absv" }, "pressure_level/cloud_cover": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Fraction of cloud cover", "standard_name": "cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer", "short_name": "cc", "comment": "Published only from 1000 to 50 hPa. The 18 levels above 50 hPa are NaN at every step." }, "pressure_level/cloud_mixing_ratio": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "kg kg-1", "long_name": "Cloud mixing ratio", "standard_name": "cloud_liquid_water_mixing_ratio", "short_name": "clwmr", "comment": "Published only from 1000 to 50 hPa. The 18 levels above 50 hPa are NaN at every step." }, "pressure_level/geopotential_height": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "m", "long_name": "Geopotential height", "standard_name": "geopotential_height", "short_name": "gh" }, "pressure_level/graupel": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "kg kg-1", "long_name": "Graupel (snow pellets)", "short_name": "grle", "comment": "Published only from 1000 to 50 hPa. The 18 levels above 50 hPa are NaN at every step." }, "pressure_level/ice_water_mixing_ratio": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "kg kg-1", "long_name": "Ice water mixing ratio", "standard_name": "cloud_ice_mixing_ratio", "short_name": "icmr", "comment": "Published only from 1000 to 50 hPa. The 18 levels above 50 hPa are NaN at every step." }, "pressure_level/ozone_mixing_ratio": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "kg kg-1", "long_name": "Ozone mixing ratio", "standard_name": "mass_fraction_of_ozone_in_air", "short_name": "o3mr", "comment": "Not published at the 16 levels 125, 175, 225, 275, 325, 375, 425, 475, 525, 575, 625, 675, 725, 775, 825 and 875 hPa, which are NaN at every step." }, "pressure_level/rain_mixing_ratio": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "kg kg-1", "long_name": "Rain mixing ratio", "short_name": "rwmr", "comment": "Published only from 1000 to 50 hPa. The 18 levels above 50 hPa are NaN at every step." }, "pressure_level/relative_humidity": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "percent", "long_name": "Relative humidity", "standard_name": "relative_humidity", "short_name": "r" }, "pressure_level/snow_mixing_ratio": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "kg kg-1", "long_name": "Snow mixing ratio", "short_name": "snmr", "comment": "Published only from 1000 to 50 hPa. The 18 levels above 50 hPa are NaN at every step." }, "pressure_level/specific_humidity": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "1", "long_name": "Specific humidity", "standard_name": "specific_humidity", "short_name": "q", "comment": "Not published at the 16 levels 125, 175, 225, 275, 325, 375, 425, 475, 525, 575, 625, 675, 725, 775, 825 and 875 hPa, which are NaN at every step." }, "pressure_level/temperature": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "degree_Celsius", "long_name": "Temperature", "standard_name": "air_temperature", "short_name": "t" }, "pressure_level/vertical_velocity": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "Pa s-1", "long_name": "Vertical velocity", "standard_name": "lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure", "short_name": "w" }, "pressure_level/vertical_velocity_geometric": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "Vertical velocity (geometric)", "standard_name": "upward_air_velocity", "short_name": "dzdt" }, "pressure_level/wind_u": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "U component of wind", "standard_name": "eastward_wind", "short_name": "u" }, "pressure_level/wind_v": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude", "pressure_level" ], "type": "data", "chunks": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440, 1 ], "unit": "m s-1", "long_name": "V component of wind", "standard_name": "northward_wind", "short_name": "v" } }, "dynamical-org:chunking": { "dtype": "float64", "chunk": { "dimensions": [ "init_time", "lead_time", "latitude", "longitude" ], "shape": [ 1, 1, 721, 1440 ], "lengths": { "init_time": "6 hours", "lead_time": "~1 hour", "latitude": "180.25\u00b0", "longitude": "360\u00b0" }, "uncompressed_size_bytes": 8305920, "uncompressed_size": "7.9 MiB" } }, "title": "NOAA GFS forecast, virtual", "extent": { "spatial": { "bbox": [ [ -180.0, -90.0, 179.75, 90.0 ] ] }, "temporal": { "interval": [ [ "2021-05-01T00:00:00Z", null ] ] } }, "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "summaries": { "spatial_domain": [ "Global" ], "spatial_resolution": [ "0.25 degrees (~20km)" ], "time_domain": [ "Forecasts initialized 2021-05-01 00:00:00 UTC to Present" ], "time_resolution": [ "Forecasts initialized every 6 hours" ], "forecast_domain": [ "Forecast lead time 0-384 hours (0-16 days) ahead" ], "forecast_resolution": [ "Forecast step 0-120 hours: hourly, 123-384 hours: 3 hourly" ] }, "assets": { "icechunk": { "href": "s3://dynamical-noaa-gfs/noaa-gfs-forecast-virtual/v0.1.0.icechunk/", "type": "application/x-icechunk", "title": "Icechunk v2 repository", "xarray:open_kwargs": { "engine": "zarr" }, "xarray:storage_options": { "anon": true, "client_kwargs": { "region_name": "us-west-2" } }, "icechunk:virtual_chunk_containers": [ { "url_prefix": "s3://noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/", "credentials": { "type": "s3", "anonymous": true } } ], "roles": [ "data" ] }, "icechunk-https": { "href": "https://dynamical-noaa-gfs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/noaa-gfs-forecast-virtual/v0.1.0.icechunk", "type": "application/x-icechunk", "title": "Icechunk v2 repository (HTTPS)", "xarray:open_kwargs": { "engine": "zarr" }, "icechunk:virtual_chunk_containers": [ { "url_prefix": "s3://noaa-gfs-bdp-pds/", "credentials": { "type": "s3", "anonymous": true } } ], "roles": [ "data" ] } } }